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Platinum Catalysts: The “Invisible Accelerator” in Chemical Reactions

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In modern chemical industry, there exists a material rarely known to the general public yet indispensable in countless critical reactions—platinum catalysts. Platinum, a rare precious metal, is not only used in jewelry and investment but also shines in catalysis due to its unique electronic structure and surface reactivity. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Platinum catalysts excel because of their exceptional ability to adsorb and activate various molecules—such as hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide—efficiently.

For instance, in automotive exhaust purification systems, platinum catalysts convert harmful carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons into harmless carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor, significantly reducing environmental pollution. In hydrogen energy technologies, platinum is widely used in both the anode and cathode of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells to facilitate efficient hydrogen-oxygen reactions—a cornerstone of clean energy conversion. Moreover, in petrochemicals, fine chemicals, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, platinum catalysts enable highly selective syntheses, minimizing by-products and enhancing resource efficiency.

Although platinum is expensive and scarce, researchers are continuously improving its catalytic performance and durability through nanotechnology, alloy design, and advanced support materials—thereby reducing required quantities and extending service life. As green chemistry and sustainability gain momentum, platinum catalysts will remain irreplaceable in energy transition and environmental protection. Understanding them means appreciating how modern chemical engineering quietly transforms our daily lives.

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